Link to the White paper here.

RAN Scenario Generators and Their Critical Role for Future-Proofing AI-Native RAN in Advanced 5G and 6G Networks

The role of artificial intelligence within telecommunications is evolving quickly, shifting from speeding discrete automation tasks to intelligent, context-aware decision making in which it becomes a critical element of network operations. This change is particularly visible in the way that AI is being used in new and emerging 5G and 6G deployments, not least when it comes to MU-MIMO. To date networks have deployed AI as an add-on. It is being used to optimize and enhance existing systems and has enabled the dynamic allocation of network slices, the better management of resources, and the improved detection of both potential issues and security threats. However, new 5G and 6G implementations built around “AI-native” architectures and MU-MIMO will shift AI from the periphery to the very heart of the network. This will enable autonomous operation across immensely complex, heterogeneous Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) Networks built on principles such as Open RAN and managed by programmable platforms such as the RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC). This shift, however, presents a fundamental challenge: How do you ensure that AI is making the correct decisions for the network, especially when it needs to scale rapidly across heterogeneous, dynamic environments?

Training an AI (and ensuring its long-term viability) requires data. As well as being accurate and reliable, this data must be representative of a real-world, dynamic network rather than an ideal or a snapshot at a particular time. Using this data, the AI applications used to run and maintain the network should then be continuously tested and challenged to prevent drift and to ensure readiness for change and unforeseen scenarios.

In this paper we examine the challenges and trade-offs of real-world data and synthetic data to demonstrate why a hybrid data layer with RAN scenario generator (RSG) testing is the optimal approach for training AI applications for the specific network. We will also identify how this approach can be used to prevent AI drift and how it can prepare for change (including upgrades and attacks). Finally, we will break down how these techniques can be used to improve the network’s energy efficiency, plan for 6G deployment, enhance QoS, and optimize for massive MIMO.

© VIAVI 2025

Viavi is a GSA Member Company.

AI RAN – 5G – 6G

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Intelligent Twin Technology for efficient, reliable, secure 5G and 6G networks

Download the Viavi Network Digital Twin brochure here.

I N T R O D UCT I O N 

In recent years, I’ve been fascinated by the concept of digital twins and how they’re transforming various industries. Digital twins are essentially virtual replicas of physical systems, allowing us to simulate, analyze, and optimize in a virtual environment. This technology is incredibly powerful for iterating in a virtual world and accelerating business outcomes and value in the real world.

At VIAVI, we’ve been pioneering this innovation for use in telecoms networks. Traditionally, we’ve focused on testing and emulation in lab environments using synthetic data and bringing our knowledge of the field into the lab. However, we’re now taking it a step further by taking that knowledge and expertise to incorporate the real data from networks into our digital twin engines.

This real data is essential for building applications and leveraging AI to fill data gaps and drive automation. Our goal is to create realistic scenarios that can be tested and scaled, ensuring the data we use is as accurate as possible.

We’re also working on generating realistic scenarios for various applications, such as energy saving, x/r App validation, risk prediction and Integrated Sensing and Communications (ISAC). By integrating real data into these simulations, we can test and evaluate factors like scalability and latency. This approach not only enhances the testing process but also provides a framework for validating applications in a community-driven environment.

Moreover, the integration of AI into our digital twin systems allows us to create new, previously unseen scenarios, enhancing the completeness and confidence in deployment. This collaboration between digital twin operators, data providers, and AI technologies is paving the way for innovative solutions and advancements in network testing and application development. The use of digital twins, real data, and AI is revolutionizing how we test and optimize networks, leading to more efficient and reliable and secure business outcomes.

– VIAVI CTO Office

© VIAVI 2025

Viavi is a GSA Member Company.

VIAVI Network Digital Twin

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This poster provides the updated and on-going standards related to 5G network development and deployment–all in one easy-to-understand graphic format.

5G Architecture
The primary goal of previous mobile network generations was to offer fast, reliable mobile data services to network users. 5G has broadened this scope to offer a wide range of wireless services delivered to the end user across multiple access platforms and multi-layer networks.  5G creates a dynamic, coherent, and flexible framework of advanced technologies to support a variety of applications. 5G utilizes a more intelligent architecture, with Radio Access Networks (RANs) no longer constrained by base station proximity or complex infrastructure. 5G leads the way towards disaggregated, flexible, and virtual RAN with new interfaces creating additional data access points.

5G Architecture 3GPP 
The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) covers telecommunication technologies including RAN, core transport networks and service capabilities. The 3GPP has provided complete system specifications for 5G network architecture which is much more service oriented than previous generations.

Services are provided via a common framework to network functions that are permitted to make use of them. Modularity, reusability, and self-containment of these network functions are additional design considerations for the 5G network architecture described by the 3GPP specifications.

5G Spectrum and Frequency
Multiple frequency ranges are now being dedicated to 5G new radio (NR). The portion of the radio spectrum with frequencies between 30 GHz and 300 GHz is known as the millimeter wave, since wavelengths range from 1-10 mm. Frequencies between 24 GHz and 100 GHz have been allocated to 5G in multiple regions worldwide.

• In addition to the millimeter wave, underutilized UHF frequencies between 300 MHz and 3 GHz and C-bandfrequencies between 3.7 and 3.98 GHz have also been repurposed for 5G.
• The diversity of frequencies employed can be tailored to the unique application. Higher frequencies are characterized by higher bandwidth and shorter range.
• Millimeter wave frequencies are ideal for densely populated areas, but ineffective for long distance communication.
• Within the various frequency bands dedicated to 5G, each carrier has begun to carve out their own individual portions of the 5G spectrum.

5G Architecture & Specifications – Viavi

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Click here for link to ebook

Understanding 5G: Second Edition ebook – Viavi Solutions

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A guide to understanding the impact of 5G on transport networks and key test considerations for ensuring reliable performance and high quality of service.

5G Fronthaul Evolution: The Beginning.

5G technology is touted as an innovation platform that will enhance our connected world. To deliver on this promise, 5G will demand the network supporting it to be as flexible as the services running on it. The following high-level 5G uses cases are well understood and documented by the wireless industry:

• Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) providing greater data-bandwidth services with peak data rates of 10 Gbps and beyond. This data rate will enable new use cases such as augmented reality/ virtual reality or ultra-high density (UltraHD) applications.
• Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communications (URLLC) providing ultra-reliable capabilities with availabilities in the range of 99.9999%, and extremely low latency features in millisecond range. Vehicle-to-vehicle communication over 5G networks is one prominent use case for this category.
• Massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC) supporting extremely large numbers of devices in the range of hundreds of thousands per square kilometer. Essential for this application class are battery lives up to ten years.

Importance of key capabilities in different usage scenarios (from ITU IMT Vision)

The big challenge is how to support these use cases on the same network. Much of the trade buzz to date has been centered on 5G-NR (new radio), virtualized core, and mm-Wave spectrum. Receiving far less attention, but equally important as the new radio interface, is the evolution of the transport network connecting 5G nodes that enable the key 5G use cases –simultaneously. In the 2019 Heavy Reading survey Operator Strategies for 5G Transport, Heavy Reading reported, “the industry has recognized that this transport infrastructure must be put in place before 5G applications can be rolled out in volume”.

©2019 Viavi Solutions

Viavi Solutions is a GSA Member company

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