5G allows operators to provide unprecedented communication services for end-users and to explore innovative business use cases that can generate new revenue streams by means of utilizing 5G-specific services. The 3GPP provides several architecture options for NR deployment, including options that incorporate migration from the legacy LTE network. These options are divided into two categories: SA and NSA. Each migration method has its pros and cons. The SA architecture consisting of 5GC and gNB can provide full 5G services from day one, while the NSA architecture leveraging the existing LTE infrastructure provides limited 5G services. NSA can be an attractive option for customers who have interest in quickly deploying 5G by utilizing legacy network and minimizing upfront investments. However, the SA architecture is the best choice for operators that want to tap new 5G opportunities, as 5G-specific services are available only in SA architecture. By understanding and utilizing the characteristics of 5G bands, especially that of the different bands, an operator may deploy the 5G on high-band for dense and urban areas that require extremely high capacity, or deploy the 5G on mid-band for metropolitan areas to balance the benefits and tradeoffs of capacity and coverage. Advanced 5G network technologies such as Massive MIMO, dual connectivity, carrier aggregation can serve to complement the weaknesses of NR deployment and enriches 5G services for customers. 5G–specific services combined with other features enable diverse business use cases such as factory automation, smart cities, autonomous driving and healthcare area. In this way, an operator is able to secure new revenue streams.

NR SA migration with 5G RAN and CN is the key for not only offering innovative 5G services but also the potential to enhance a business by quickly addressing the emerging market. Samsung has led 5G deployment from day one and is ready to support any operator’s 5G needs.

5G Stand Alone Report

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Introduction

The 5G system supports a wide range of services such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC), and massive machine type communications (mMTC). Compared to its predecessor, 5G technology provides its users with enhanced experiences through faster data speeds, higher capacity, lower latency, and higher reliability. To arrive at such benefits without any disruption, service providers must find a seamless transition path from 4G long-term evolution (LTE) to 5G new radio (NR). However, newly released frequency bands for use in 5G deployments – such as the C-band (3-5 GHz) and millimeter wave (mmWave) band (24-40 GHz) – are higher than the current 4G frequency bands that sit below 3 GHz. This implies that while deploying 5G on the high frequencies with wider bandwidth may yield higher data rates, doing so will be inherently disadvantageous in terms of coverage due to the large amount of signal loss via propagation and penetration. A lower frequency spectrum, on the other hand, is favorable for 5G deployment, in that it provides a wide-area coverage. Therefore, for smooth transition, it is pivotal to deploy 5G in the lower frequency bands, which are mostly occupied by 4G frequencies

To this end, spectrum re-farming is the most logical and straightforward approach. As such, prior to 4G, spectrum re-farming was the conventional choice when transitioning from one communication generation to the next. Spectrum re-farming is done by draining all previous generation users from a frequency band and re-utilizing the same frequency band for next generation users. Re-farming is usually carried out at carrier levels, where a gradual reduction is made in the number of previous generation users, followed by a subsequent increase in the number of next generation users. For example, in Figure 1, in the second diagram from the left, a single LTE carrier is replaced with an NR spectrum to provide services to a few new NR users. As the number of NR users increases, more LTE carriers are replaced by NR carriers until the entirety of the frequency band is occupied by NR carriers and used for NR purposes

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Dynamic Spectrum Sharing Paper

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Introduction

One of the first things that people think of, when talking about mobile networks, is public networks. A public network is broadband network that is designed by Mobile Network Operators (MNO) to provide network services to the general public. In a public network, people choose an MNO of their choice and pay for services, which then allows people to use the network anytime, anywhere. In addition to public networks are also private networks. A private network, coined as a non-public network in 3GPP, is a type of network that is designed for typical enterprises, such as companies and schools, to provide their own services for their own purposes. In a private network, only authenticated people can access the network.

Figure 1 shows the use of a private network. The private network in Figure 1 can interwork with the public network to provide services. However, the private network is capable of providing its own network service without any interworking with the public network, depending on the customer’s request. Private networks that do not connect with the public network can provide high levels of security and closed-down services. However, pure private networks may cost more than private networks that connect to the public network, as they may require more configuration and operation fees than the hybrid networks. Therefore, how a private network is configured depends on the network characteristics (e.g., security level, network latency for service, operating cost, etc.) required by the customer.

Compared to 4G, a big challenge of 5G is how to support a broad range of devices and services that come from various verticals. Such services include private network, smart factory, and smart building for enterprises. Therefore, the 5G network should be designed in such a way to provide not only existing macro services but also private services.

The private network requires several features different from public network, such as easy installation, easy management, etc. To this end, Samsung has developed a private network solution called Compact Core. This paper outlines the private network using Samsung Compact Core, as well as the appropriate deployment plans and benefits.

Private Networks – Technical Whitepaper – Samsung

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